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Indiana Jones and the cave of John the Baptist


Indiana Jones and the cave of John the Baptist

 by: Moshe Reinfeld

The discovery of "the cave of John the Baptist" not far away from Jerusalem was a great journalistic drama. Archaeological news easily lights the imagination. Remember the movie series of Indiana Jones. Is it true that John the Baptist began to baptize his followers in this cave? Let us go over the facts, and find out.

There are not many historical sources of information concerning the whereabouts of John the Baptist. Of these, the Gospels, especially St. Luke, give us the most accurate information. Another source may be "the Antiquities of the Jews" by Josephus Flavius.

St. Luke tells us that Zachary, the father of John, was a priest, who lived with John's mother Elisabeth in "a city of Judah" in "the hill country". No source tells us exactly where it was. But we should assume that people live near their work place. If so, that city was situated in the vicinity of Jerusalem, because priests worked in the Temple. Traditionally, it is believed that Zachary and Elisabeth lived in Ein Kerem, a small town near Jerusalem, but there are no archaeological findings which can prove it.

Some churches have been built in Ein Kerem since the Byzantine era, though we do not know if the earlier churches were dedicated to John the Baptist or related to him. The first ones who did associate Ein Kerem to John were the Crusaders, but it must be emphasized that those Christian conquerors of the Holy land used to adapt the Holy sites to the area they ruled.

When the Crusaders controlled the way to Jerusalem, they said that the village of Emmaus was situated in the village of Abu Ghosh, and built there a beautiful church. A hundred years later, after they were driven away by the Moslems from there, they did not hesitate to identify Kubeiba as the one and only Emmaus. Also there they built a church, a monastery and fortress.

Actually there has been always a town called Emmaus. It is located in the Ayalon valley. The early Christians believed that this is the real Emmaus, mentioned in the Gospels, and magnificent churches were built there during the Byzantine era, 1500 years ago. The problem with this identification was that the place is located more than 30 kilometers from Jerusalem, while according to St. Luke the distance was only 11 kilometers.

Back to John the Baptist. We have already considered the location of his birth place. And now let us ask ourselves: where did he preach and baptize? The Gospels tell us mainly two geographical facts. That he did his preaching and religious rituals in the Judea desert, and that he baptized people who came to him from Judea and Jerusalem, in the Jordan River.

St John mentions specifically a place called Aenon, near Salim. He says John the Baptist operated there "because there was much water there". St John mentions another place called "Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing". The only possible conclusion for those who are acquainted with the area should be that John baptized his fellow Jews in the vicinity of Jericho. It was the only place combining the water of the Jordan River, a convenient road from Jerusalem and Judea and a geographical closeness to a desert, Judea desert.

St. Luke tells us that John was born when Herod was the tetrarch of Galilee. It means John lived when Herod the 2nd, son of King Herod the Great, ruled the northern and the eastern part of the country. Many years later, this tetrarch (Roman prince) arrested John and executed him in a brutal way, by beheading him.

Why was he imprisoned and eliminated? Some of the Gospels tell us that John rebuked the tetrarch publicly for his evil deeds. But the great Jewish historian Josephus tells us another story. John was regarded as politically dangerous. St. Matthew insinuates that this version is reliable, when he says that Herod "feared the multitude, because they counted him (John) as a prophet".

The main contribution of Josephus to our story is telling us where John was imprisoned and murdered. It was in the fortress of Machaerus (Mikhvar, in Hebrew), the remains of which can be seen nowadays in the kingdom of Jordan.

Kibutz Tzuba (the correct Hebrew name is Tzova) where the cave was found, is located only four kilometers from Ein kerem, which probably was the birthplace of John, as mentioned above. But we should recall that John did not operate there. He needed "much water". In Tzuba-Ein-Kerem area water is scarce. The Historical sources put the scene in a different site: the Jordan River, apparently near Jericho. Why not believe them?

A few hundred meters from the Tzuba cave, on the top of another hill, the remains of a small fortress can be seen. The Crusaders built it to control a secondary way to Jerusalem, used by Pilgrims. Those days the Crusaders did not control the main road to Jerusalem any more, and had no choice but to use their productive imagination to "create" new "biblical sites". Nearby Abu Ghosh is one of them. It became Emmaus.

Is the Tzuba Cave a modern such an adjustment of versions? May be .But it could also be a place where John the Baptist really did some baptizing. Why not? He was born not far away from there. His parents could still live in Ein Kerem. May be he used the cave when he came to visit them?

We are dealing here with speculations. And these are beyond the scope of our discussion. Most of the Holy sites in Israel are believed to be the original ones without having any firm scientific proof. Does it matter? Apparently the answer is negative. Belief is a matter of the heart, not of science.

What Archaeologists do know for sure is that the Tzuba cave was used by Jews for a long period of time, starting during the reign of the Judean kings some 600 years before John's time. It continued to be used by Christians until 300- 400 years after John's time. There are some carvings from that time on the wall which are symbols related to John the Baptist, including his image, a drawing of his decapitated head and a cross shape.

Inside the cave, archaeologists found many pottery shards, indicating the cave could be used for baptizing. Is it enough for proving anything? The answer is no. Is it worth a visit? The answer is absolutely yes. But for that purpose people should wait. The cave has not yet been opened to visitors.

Written: 9/9/2004

About The Author COPYRIGHT 2004: Moshe Reinfeld The Author is a freelance journalist and a tour guide in Israel Websites: http://israel.electrical-contractor/ http://pr4u.bravehost/ http://tourisrael.friendpages moshereinfeld@yahoo

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Rajasthan has a rich and long tradition of leather crafts. Each village had its families of leather workers. The juti, mojari or pagarkhi are leather shoes and slippers worn by both men and women of all communities. The mojari is tanned with vegetable dye and has excellent thermal insulation quality. The process of production starts with cutting the leather with a sharp knife both for the upper and the sole. Stuck together with home made glue, they are stitched with cotton or leather thread. The upper is then embroidered by the women whose finesse as they embroider these shoes is a treat to watch. The embroidery is done directly on leather using cotton, silk or woolen threads depending on the material used for the upper surface. Bright colors, traditional motifs and contemporary designs are the primary themes. The stitching is finally strengthened by hammering. Beads and appliqué works are also becoming very popular. Actual gemstones are no longer used as they were used once.

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Growing demand among NRIs to become overseas citizens of India

Tue, 24 Mar 2009 08:31:19 GMT
Regular NRI visitors to India are increasingly switching from a five-year visa to either a PIO - Card that allows them visa-free entry for 15 years or an OCI - status that allows them a life time entry and stay in India.

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SEZs in India to Grow

A well implemented and designed SEZ can bring benefits for the country .it can increase employment, more FDI, Economic growth, foreign exchange earnings, international exposure, transfer of the new technologies and skills. The Commerce and Industry Minister, Mr Kamal Nath, has hopes of drawing Rs. 1,00,000 crore worth of investments over the next three years with an employment potential of over five lakh, besides indirect employment during the construction period of the SEZs: investments in sectors such as information technology, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, textiles, petro-chemicals and auto parts.

The govt of India has now backed off from its earlier decision to limit to 150, the number of Special Economic Zones with unprecedented tax concessions that could be established within the country. The empowered Group of Ministers on Special Economic Zones (e-GoM) decided instead to welcome as many as would apply for the coveted SEZ status. So far, the Board of Approvals has already given the in-principle nod to 150 SEZ applications. Since the board continued to receive several new applications, the e-GOM was approached for directions.

Mr. Kamal Nath, the Union Commerce and Industry Minister said that fresh approvals would be made only after 75 SEZs were made operational. The question of revenue loss from SEZ located companies was shrugged off by the minister who claimed that could be ascertained only when the SEZ was functional. As for the several lakh acres of land that would be required for SEZ allotment, the answer according to the minister lies with the state governments. The empowered Group of Ministers on Special Economic Zones is headed by the Define Minister, Mr Pranab Mukherjee and includes the Finance Minister, Mr P. Chidambaram, and the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission, Mr Montek Singh Ahluwalia.

Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in various segments such as multi-product, information technology, biotechnology and frontier areas of technology adding up to 169 proposals in all will be examined by the Board of Approval. The Board is chaired by the Special Secretary in the Department of Commerce, Mr Gopal K. Pillai. 105 proposals have already been granted approval since the SEZ Act of 2005 came into being. Of these only 14 have been notified so far. Among which are Biocon Ltd for biotechnology, which is coming up in 36 hectares in Bangalore, Dalmiya & Co Ltd for IT and ITES and Apachee Investment Holding Ltd for footwear in Hyderabad.

SEZs are notified only after land acquisitions and other formalities are completed with a time lag usually taking place between formal clearance and the notification period. There are 28 SEZs operational in India including converted former free trade zones and export processing zones. Tamil Nadu has the maximum of 7 SEZs. Gujarat has five while Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal have three each. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Rajasthan have two SEZs each and UP and Punjab have one each. The biggest in the sector-specific SEZs among current proposals coming up for approval is from Uttaranchal Government's State Industrial Development Corporation for a 440 hectares multi-product SEZ to be located in Sitarganj, followed by Brandix India Apparel City Pvt Ltd (BIAC) for textile products in 405 hectares in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Among the new proposals for approval in the IT sector SEZs are Infosys Ltd, Pune, and Ansal Properties and Infrastructure Ltd in Badshahpur, Gurgaon, and Haryana.

In additional 16 multi-product SEZs, including seven pending cases, new proposals include Omaxe Ltd for over 6,070 hectares in Alwar district, Rajasthan and Indian Infrastructure Corporation Pvt Ltd spread over 1,011 hectares in Anjar Taluka of Bhuj district in Gujarat.

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Naeem Khan labels Florida road show a success

Thu, 22 Jan 2009 08:00:00 GMT
While growing up in India, Naeem Khan considered becoming a doctor. But with his father and grandfather both well-known throughout the country for designing luxurious clothing worn by social notables, fashion ...

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The Dire Need Of Hotels In India

The current scenario
The Indian economic bubble has managed to achieve a commendable feat of growing bigger and bigger without bursting. The consequences are there for all to see. The Bull Run in the Indian stock markets has been unstoppable and the much ridiculed spending power of the average Indian has touched new highs. Above all, the Indian economy is showing no signs of slowing down, and promises to grow at an incredible rate. This scenario has been particularly favourable for the hotel and hospitality industry. The Incredible India! Campaign, cheaper airfares, and eased security concerns because of improved relations with Pakistan, have together added more fuel to the already booming tourism industry.

Lack of hotels in India
But unfortunately, the hotel and hospitality industry here has yet to catch up with this growth. The introduction of the bed and breakfast scheme - which offers tourist accommodation at houses that have rooms to spare - is ample proof of the scarcity of hotel rooms in India. The demand for rooms is pitched at 90,000 rooms, which can hardly be met by the supply of 61,000 rooms. To add to this, the demand-supply difference is expected to rise, taking into account the growth in the tourism industry. Today, the tourism industry is in the want of 2,00,000 more rooms.

The requirement of hotels
We are in the process of unveiling the power of India to the world. Be it in culture tourism, business tourism, or medical tourism, India has already gained place on the world map. And we definitely do not afford to lose our position because of the lack of availability of hotels for tourists to stay in. Though the current growth rate of the hotel industry on the whole is a stupendous 40 per cent per annum - with Bangalore experiencing the highest rate of growth - we are in dire need of hotels in various categories, including luxury five star hotels, business class hotels, and reasonable accommodation catering to the domestic traffic.

The causes for increased demand
The rise in the disposable incomes of the increasingly affluent middle class of India has been one of the causes of the increased demand for hotel accommodation, apart from the easy visa rules, public freedom, and copious low fare airlines on the platter. The new corporate culture with travel incentives and the mushrooming of blue chip companies in India have all contributed their own bit in the increased demand for hotel accommodation in the country.

Government measures to meet the demand
The government has increased the foreign direct investment (FDI) in the industry to 100 per cent, in May 2001. Considering the numerous opportunities for hotel owners here, the sector is seen at the top slot among sectors vying for FDI. Though this has surely paved the way for foreign hotel giants to set shop in India, the lack of infrastructural facilities, red-tapism and anarchic land laws are a deterrent to many. The government, while focusing on reviving tourism, must also take care to provide the necessary groundwork that is required for the gestation of new hotels. The hotel taxes in India are more than in most of the other Asian countries. This needs to be addressed urgently.

Why is India the next big destination

The domestic tourism
What can be better news than the hotel industry stalwarts from the world over waiting to set shop in India to experience a piece of action of its booming economy, and in turn fulfilling the demand of accommodation for tourists? Consider this - The Indian domestic market is one third of the total international arrivals at all the global markets taken together. Religious tourism and the destination campaign of the Incredible India initiative also account for the growing domestic tourism industry.

The International tourism market in India
The number of international visitors in India has been steadily increasing over the last decade due to a number of reasons. With multinationals converging upon India to set up business operations, there has been an upsurge in the business travelers from diverse parts of the globe. The Indian culture has played an important role in attracting leisure tourists to the holy land, while the splendid beauty of our virgin countryside and the unparalleled monuments make for an interesting trip. Religious tourism too is catching up, with induced circuits in Buddhist travel attracting Japanese tourists in hordes. The fillip that medical tourism has seen in recent years can be attributed to the low cost medical treatments at the hands of some of the most intelligent brains of the world.

The challenges ahead of us?
Experts are not completely wrong in painting a rosy picture of our hotel industry in the years to come. But they are not completely right either. We can assist brands in setting up hotels here only when we improve upon some of our drawbacks. Our deteriorating infrastructure needs to be fixed up before we expect the trickle of foreign visitors to turn into a deluge. The dilapidated roads, never-on-time railways, and not-getting-any-younger airports are some of the first hurdles in receiving international traffic. The esoteric business practices and the corruption, too might shoo away foreign investors.

Bottomline
The fact that there is a huge demand for hotels in India being true, we are at a junction where leaping ahead is a matter of coping up with the challenges associated. If we can do that successfully, we will reap its benefits; if not, we are losing on one of the biggest opportunities facing us.?

About the Author

Venugopal Naidu is the business development head at Ista, Bangalore. He has been active in projecting the hotel as a luxury five star hotel in Bangalore. Catalyzing the growing popularity of Ista, Naidu foresees a major fillip in the customer base of luxury business accommodation worldwide.

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The Story of Little Black Sambo

The Story of Little Black Sambo
The jolly and exciting tale of the little boy who lost his red coat and his blue trousers and his purple shoes but who was saved from the tigers to eat 169 pancakes for his supper, has been universally loved by generations of children. First written in 1899, the story has become a childhood classic and the authorized American edition with the original drawings by the author has sold hundreds of thousands of copies.

Little Black Sambo is a book that speaks the common language of all nations, and has added more to the joy of little children than perhaps any other story. They love to hear it again and again; to read it to themselves; to act it out in their play.

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Sikandar is busy celebrating

Mon, 02 Jun 2008 04:28:55 GMT
When Anupam Kher and wife Kirron Kher celebrate the debut of their son Sikandar, you can be sure that the entire film fraternity will turn up.

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Problems Of Running A Business In India

First, I want to state that India has a lot to offer as a country. There are also a number of great people. I?d risk to say that the vast majority of Indian people are honest and hardworking. However, business environment in India is still under development. That is an indisputable fact, and there are number of problems. The followings are some of problems of running a business in India.

Banking sector has a couple of problems. To be more specific, those who work in the banking sector are not exactly a problem. My guess is that most of them are honest and hardworking; they?re probably also quite talented, intelligent and capable. However, there are too many formalities and procedures than necessary. For example, it took nearly two weeks for me to open a bank account in India, while I opened the account at India?s premier bank, ICICI. There were a couple of reasons why it took two weeks, but it is unusually a long time to open a bank account despite that. I opened several bank accounts, including a business bank account, in US over the years, but it only took one day to open each bank account. I had to transfer a fund from my US business account to the new bank account in India; it took two weeks. There were a couple of reasons why it took two weeks, but it is also a long time to transfer a fund; these exemplify problems of the banking sector.

There is ma?ana mentality not in the sense that everyone is playing and partying everyday and not getting things done but in the sense that things do not get done on time. For example, I essentially delegated several administrative tasks to a couple of Indian people; they are very capable but they don?t always get things done on time. One time, I asked to get me a doorbell for my flat (apartment) to one of them because it was very difficult for me to get this done since I did not speak Hindi; I probably asked this two months ago. I still do not have the doorbell. I know him pretty well and I know that he has a very hectic schedule; however, two months is a long time for anyone to get a doorbell. This particular task is nothing urgent, so I am not upset about it, but something like this happens often.

Lack of the basic infrastructure stands out. Electricity problem is very visible. Electricity goes off a couple of times a day on average even during winter, while Indian people use less electricity during winter than during any other season. Using UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), you can prevent data loss, but if you run a kind of business that requires you to use electricity the whole time that you work such as web development, you have zero productivity when electricity is off. Water supply problem is there, though it is not severe; most businesses, specifically businesses in the service sector, do not suffer from the problem because they typically do not use water to run their businesses, but it can become a minor problem. Internet connection works for the most part, but the connection gets cut off occasionally. This can result in the loss of productivity also.

Most problems can be managed, and as a matter of fact, I am running an internet business in India. However, problems described here are recognizable and they do affect. Those of you who plan to set up an operation in India should remember these problems. Chances are these problems will be there for some time.

J. Watanabe is the owner of Watanabe Web Publishing Private Limited, IT consulting company in Delhi, India. The company is responsible for the development and maintenance of the finance discussion forum eFinancialDistrict, Finance and Accounting Forum.

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Tariq Ali: Brown's al-Qaida blame game

Mon, 15 Dec 2008 03:14:33 GMT
He should accept Britain's responsibility for encouraging terror attacks rather than pointing the finger of blame at Pakistan Comments Gordon Brown is targeting Pakistan .

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Reports: 16 killed in Mumbai shootings - Examiner.com

Wed, 26 Nov 2008 20:02:28 GMT

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Reports: 16 killed in Mumbai shootings Examiner.com - Nov 26, 2008 Nov 26, 2008 11:34 AM (28 mins ago) By RAMOLA TALWAR BADAM, AP MUMBAI, India (Map, News) - Gunmen targeted luxury hotels, a popular tourist attraction and a ... Video: Gunmen Kill Scores in India, Hostages in Hotels AssociatedPress Gunmen kill at least 78 in 7 attacks in Mumbai Examiner.com all 784 news articles

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Visit Indiana, Kentucky For Your Next Vacation?

If you live in the Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio region of America, you really do owe it to yourself to make a little trip to Nashville, Indiana sometime in the near future. Nicknamed the "Little Smokies", and referred to by most of us as "Brown County", this thriving artist community is located about an hour from Indianapolis. This time of the year, the trip is especially worth it due to the gorgeous jewel tones of the autumn leaves.

Go on - plan on making a day of it. Roll the windows all the down, play your favorite music and enjoy the ride. Get in touch with nature by having a leisurely picnic and then taking a long, relaxing hike in Yellowwood State Park. While you're there, stop off and see Gobbler's Rock, a four hundred pound rock that's lodged precariously in a tree. Lay lazily on the shore of Lake Monroe and let the sun make you blind as it reflects off the water.

Drop in on any on of literally hundreds of local artists painting the town in a variety of hues. Watch while handmade beeswax candles are dipped and hung to dry, or stare incredulously as a glassblower slowly and painstakingly blows an exquisite round bowl. Bright sunlight shoots jaggedly through pieces of stained glass as the smell of scented candles delightfully ?tickles? your sense of smell. Listen to the soft "click-click-click" of a loom weaving fabric.

Next, take in the flea market and then visit an antique store or two;
there certainly are enough of them in these parts ! If you're patient and willing to look carefully, there are definitely old-fashioned bargains to be found.

And when it's time to eat, you certainly won't be disappointed - there
are many fine restaurants and cafes to eat at. If it's something sweet on your mind, try and stop yourself from indulging in rich, creamy fudge, caramel apples, funnel cakes or elephant ears, all local favorites and available in abundance.

While you're at it, take a tour of the old log jail house, which was
built in the last century and is located downtown in back of the old courthouse.

You have a lot of hard choices if you make the decision to stay the night. From a few of the larger national chains to more small and charming l bed-and-breakfasts, there's something for every taste and budget. You can find many travel deals on the Internet today.

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Self-defense slayings rise against intruders - Houston Chronicle

Sat, 06 Dec 2008 06:39:45 GMT

Self-defense slayings rise against intruders Houston Chronicle, United States - 8 hours ago JACKSON, MISS. — A convenience store clerk chased down a man and shot him dead over a case of beer this summer and was charged with murder. ...

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Portrait of India: Indian People, Indian movies, Indian recipes, India festivals & more.

The success of Indian democracy with more than 1 billion population, 29 states, 7 union territories and 1600 languages/dialects presents a true image of unity in diversity. With a civilization more than 5000 years old, India reflects rich culture, traditions and values relative to geographic locations. Invasions and migrations have contributed to the diversity of Indian culture with convergence of different habits, faiths and practices.

The success of Indian democracy with more than 1 billion population, 29 states, 7 union territories and 1600 languages/dialects presents a true image of unity in diversity. With a civilization more than 5000 years old, India reflects rich culture, traditions and values relative to geographic locations. Invasions and migrations have contributed to the diversity of Indian culture with convergence of different habits, faiths and practices.

India is a land of festivals. Indian festivals differ in associated religious, social and seasonal elements. Some festivals welcome the seasons of the year, the harvest, the rains, or the full moon. Others celebrate religious occasions, the birthdays of divine beings, saints, and gurus (revered teachers), or the advent of the New Year. List of Indian festivals is as long as diversity in their origin. Many festivals are common throughout the country while others are specific to geographic regions and religious beliefs.

Indian cuisine is world renowned for its rich assortment of spices and tastes. Influence of geography, religion, race and foreign culture is truly reflected by Indian cuisine. Indian cuisine can be broadly classified into North and South Indian cuisine. Wheat is staple part of North Indian cuisine whereas rice is a must in South Indian meal. The Mughlai food is very common in Delhi, Hyderabad and Lucknow. Wazwan, a 24-course banquet, is popular in Kashmir. Seafood and coconut based food are very prevalent in Goa, Kerala and West Bengal. Rice, sambhar and dosa are specialties of Southern part of India.

India has one the oldest film industries in the world. The first Indian feature film, Raja Harishchandra directed by Dadasaheb Phalke (3700 feet long), was released in 1913. Indian film industry is the biggest film industries in the world producing around 800 movies annually. A reasonably budgeted Indian movie could cost US$ 1 million. Hindi, Tamil, Telegu, Bengali and Malayalam are the languages producing large number of movies reflecting the cultural diversity of the Indian film industry. Most of the Indian movies are based on family, romance, comedy, action, patriotism and religion.

Indianmantra is focused on revealing & sharing life style & community bounding of NRIs living in USA & Canada. The culture & the people with multiple languages all are featured here. Explore indianmantra for a rich global Indian community experience including Indian culture, festivals, cuisine, movies, classifieds and more.

Disclaimer: This article is for general information only and may contain errors or omissions. The information contained here is provided as is, with no warranties and may not be complete or correct.

John Thomas
indianmantra

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

I am into web editing & copy writing. Has done research & analysis of online marketing for couple of years.

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A North Eastern Jewel Uncovered

Mon, 11 Aug 2008 08:15:41 -0700
A North Eastern Jewel Uncovered The North Eastern region of India has always been a ‘football-everything’ region. Goal.com has been taking a deep look into the footballing prospects of this territory and uncovers a glittering gem…… The North East of India is to Indian football what Newcastle is to coal, South America to cocaine, Germany to the sex industry and Microsoft to computers. This football soaked, somewhat underdeveloped region of the North East has for long been harbouring lofty f

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An Analysis of Indian Oil & Gas Industry


Indian oil and gas industry is one of the largest contributors to both the central & state exchequers in the country. Total share of this sector is estimated to be around $13.58Bn at present. State-run companies hold most of the 25 refineries in the country, having a capacity to process 2.5Mn barrels daily.



In terms of petroleum demand, India is at number six in the world. It's predicted that the country will replace South Korea & emerge as the 4th largest consumer of energy by the year 2010, following U.S, China and Japan.



Oil & gas exploration, distribution and marketing of petroleum products, crude oil refining and natural gas distribution are the main sub-sectors of the Indian oil & gas sector. So far, Indian oil and gas companies have been operating in specific segments of value chain.



Growing demand for energy in India & the need to service, for ensuring that the economic growth is not compromised, brings in business opportunities in this sector.



The significance of this sector can be determined from the following facts:



? Indian oil and gas sector was accountable for 40% of primary energy sources in 2004.

? All of the five companies listed in Fortune 500 operate in the oil and gas sector.

? Million barrels of oil per day in 2004, 3% of the world's refining capacity.

? India is ranked as ninth largest importer of crude oil in the world.



To get more information on the oil and gas industry in India you can read the report "Indian Oil & Gas Industry: An Industry Analysis" by RNCOS. Just click on rncos/Report/IM038.htm.



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Going to School in India

Going to School in India
Experience what it is like to go to school in India through the eyes and voices of children. Going to School in India celebrates what school can be. Every school day, millions of children in India go to school by boat, by bicycle, by wheelchair or barefoot. Some classes are held in the blistering heat of the mud desert, in the chill of the mountains or at night under lamps. Meet these students who overcome their challenges -- all for the chance to learn. Nine short films, featuring nine different children, have won Best International Short at the KIDS FIRST! Film and Video Festival; Jury Award for Best Family Films at the Big Bear International Film Festival; and Best of the Fest in Programme E Category in the East Lansing Children s Film Festival. Going to School in India has also been selected and shown at many film festivals including KIDS FIRST! Film and Video Festival; Newport Beach Film Festival; San Diego International Children s Film Festival; Planet in Focus International Environmental Film Festival; 2006 South Asian International Film Festival; and the LA International Children s Film Festival. All royalty proceeds from the sale of Going to School in India DVD go to Going to School and support more media projects for children. This North American Edition has English and Hindi Sound track and English and Spanish subtitles. Winner of Parents Choice and NAPPA Gold

Puma Men's K-1

Puma Men's K-1
The Puma K-1 casual shoe, named after a one-man kayak boat, features a stretch, perforated neoprene upper with a ghillie lacing system and lockdown toggle for optimal fit. The midsole/outsole features an innovative, integrated water drainage system to keep water out. TPU heel provides abrasion resistance.

April Cornell Oven Mitt - Debutante Gold

April Cornell Oven Mitt - Debutante Gold
Perfect compliment to our apron, potholder and cushions. 100% cotton.

White Cotton Yoga Clothing For Men Kurta Pajama from India Size L (gkp453)

White Cotton Yoga Clothing For Men Kurta Pajama from India Size L (gkp453)
Men casual clothing kurta pajama is a gift to the Indian traditional wear by the great Mughals. In their custom, both men and women enjoyed kurtas and pajamas cut in long flowing panels. These elaborately embroidered kurtas with real gold and silver threads, weighed between 5 to 10 kilograms. With the change in time and fashion, modifications were made according to the comfort and affordability of people. Now the kurta pajama is more of a mans informal relaxing wear. Though the source of inspiration remains the same old Mughal fashion, many new changes are seen in todays style of Kurta pajamas.

Among men, the most commonly worn kurtas are the coarse handloom kurta with high Chinese collar. They are either plain woven or the designs are woven in different colors. Comfort and easy wearing quality has made the kurta pajama universally popular. They are worn in winters as well as summers. The material for the summer and winter kurta changes suiting the weather conditions. Summer welcomes crisp and light cottons, while winter gives way to all heavy and thick materials. However, the handloom kurtas are worn in both summer and winter. The style popular among mens kurtas is the straight cut with side pockets.

The prints commonly seen on this apparel in summers are block print and tie and dye of Rajasthan and Gujarat. These kurta pajama sets from Rajasthan and Gujarat come in not only traditional block printing and tie and dye but also with rich embroidery and glittering mirror work. The chikan hand embroidery of Lucknow is also very popular for its traditional rich look and values. These are usually made in pure cotton as they are worn mainly in summer. The winter Kurtas are in silk, satin, and other thick fabric.

Kitchens of India Chick Peas Curry, Pindi Chana, 10-Ounce Boxes (Pack of 12)

Kitchens of India Chick Peas Curry, Pindi Chana, 10-Ounce Boxes (Pack of 12)

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Scope of Internet Marketing in India

The dawn of the internet era opened up amazing new possibilities. Impossible is not a word anymore! India has also joined the bandwagon and the numbers themselves do all the talking. The latest statistics* reveal that 400 million people access internet regularly in India and that is jump of 700% in last six years. And, here comes the best part; the internet users as of now comprise of only 3.6% of the population. Now you can imagine the scope of internet marketing in India!

Now that we have come to terms with the tremendous scope of internet marketing in India, we have to understand that marketing through the internet can be an entirely different ball game. In fact it is a potent combination of technology and marketing acumen.

If you too want to hop into the online business bandwagon, the first aspect is developing/ hosting of your website. Then you can employ any one or all of the internet marketing techniques mentioned here and they are:

• Search Engine Marketing (SEM): Search engine marketing has of late become one of the principle tools in the armory of the Sauv? internet marketer. This prominence of SEM is owing to the fact that the search engines like Google, Yahoo etc. are being used by more and more people as their principle method of searching for relevant information. And, you can hope to sell through them if your website is visible on these search engines. The principle techniques employed in SEM are:
• Search Engine Optimization (SEO): A set of practices employed to get ranking for WebPages on relevant keywords (search queries). SEO does this by improving a websites structure and content.
• Pay per Click (PPC): PPC takes the sponsored route to drive relevant traffic to a website. The positioning of Ads is determined by a competitive bidding structure.
• Paid Inclusion: In paid inclusions, you can pay your way up on to the natural listings of search engines. As of now, Google has stopped its paid inclusion program.

• E-Mail Marketing: As the name suggests, e-mail marketing is promotion through e-mails. If used effectively it can assure you maximum returns on each penny you spend. It can be used for acquiring new customers, enhance the relationship you have with your existing clientele.
• Advantages: Cheap, instant, easily traceable and if used properly the return on investment can be astounding.
• Disadvantages: Due to the overdoing of the e-mail campaigns by online companies, they are now being categorized as Spam mail. Thereby reducing the chances of it actually reaching the intended person.

• Banner Advertising: Banner marketing involves placing your advertisement on any third party website. This Ad will link to your website, this way if the potential customer clicks on your banner, he will be directed to your website. It can be a good way of attracting relevant traffic to your website.
• Interactive Advertising: It involves the use of interactive media applications to promote products online. It in fact involves the right use of text, images, Flash animations, AV clips etc. The interactive advertising platform in a way intends to send across a personalized message by giving the readers/ viewers a visual treat.
• Blog/ Article marketing: Articles and blogs can be used effectively to propagate a marketing campaign. By submitting in various directories like Ezine and Go articles, you can hope to generate traffic through the link you have placed on the article directing towards your website.

Moreover, in my personal opinion in a country as diverse as India, the real action in a few years of time would lie in localization. Websites which will do business in Hindi and other local language would do well. It?s simply because contrary to the claims, for a major chunk of Indians English is still an alien language.

That?s why the scope of internet marketing in India lies in localization of websites. Talking to people in their own language does have its positive attributes. The indigenization of the web for the real Indians and the correct application of the mentioned internet marketing techniques is truly the way forward.

* internetworldstats

Search Engine marketing expert, Tarun Gupta is one of the most prolific writers in the internet marketing domain with his articles being published in numerous search related websites and newsletters.He is the founder director of web development and internet marketing company ?BrainPulse? .

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Londons Times Funny Music Cartoons - Modern India - Light Switch Covers - double toggle switch

Londons Times Funny Music Cartoons - Modern India - Light Switch Covers - double toggle switch
Modern India Light Switch Cover is new and handcrafted utilizing unique process resulting in a stunning high gloss ceramic-like finish. SET OF MATCHING SCREWS IS INCLUDED giving it a perfect finishing touch. Made of durable metal material.

India Girl Outfit

India Girl Outfit
3 to 5 years. Dramatic play just got more exciting! This India girl outfit can enhance and support multicultural education. Comes with information cards describing the fabric, its country of origin, and suggested activities to help children learn about cultural differences and similarities. Wash separately in cold water, hang to dry.

Lijjat Plain Udad Papad 200g

Lijjat Plain Udad Papad 200g

Womens Cotton Short Sleeve Top Blouse Chikan Embroidery Size L

Womens Cotton Short Sleeve Top Blouse Chikan Embroidery Size L
Women's top blouse from ShalinCraft is blissfully comfortable for summer. These chikan embroidered top blouse for women are made in extremely light cotton fabric. The special style embroidery on these blouse tops is called "chikan", developed in the 16th century in the courts of muslim kings in north India. The popularity of Chikan embroidered blouse tops never seems to wane. Wear these blouse tops outdoors in summer and you can relax in total comfort. They go well with trousers as well as skirts. Chikan Embroidery has patterns of different designs stitched using untwisted white cotton or silk (or rayon) threads on the surface of the fabric. In Chikan work, there is a fixed repertoire of stitches and it is usual for several types of stitches to appear on the same piece of embroidery. The different types of Chikan work done today are Taipchi, Bakhia, Phunda, Murri, Jaali, Hathkati, Pechni, Ghas Patti, Chaana Patti etc. Chikan embroidery is a very laborious and time consuming task.

Victorinox Kitchen Cutlery India Fine Stone for 40997

Victorinox Kitchen Cutlery India Fine Stone for 40997
11.5 in. x 2.5 in. x .5 in. India fine stone and 11.5 in. x 2.5 in. x .5 in. Crystolon stones. Replacement for multi-oil stones 40997.

DII Sweet Hearts Collection

DII Sweet Hearts Collection

Rosamunde Pilcher's Nancherrow

Rosamunde Pilcher's Nancherrow

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Gawharet al-Ahram Hotel, Cairo

Sun, 16 Nov 2008 16:26:56 -0800
9178 - Gawharet al-Ahram Hotel, Cairo, originally uploaded by Cool Unyot. Our hotel. My room was the one right above the words “Musa Hotel” on the sign above the doors.

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Another Great call centres in india Article
Indian jewelry design

History of Indian jewelry design

As far back as the Indus Valley Civilization, both men and women wore different pieces of jewelry in the form of bangles, earrings, amulets, waistband, and anklets. They used shells, beads, clay, and seeds for ornamentation. The Mughal period from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century saw the blossoming of Indian jewelry design using precious stones pearls besides gold and silver. You find beautiful pieces of richly carved jewelry in different motifs in Indian art, like the miniature paintings. These paintings are testimony to the great wealth and resources of the Indian royalty. The exquisite pieces draw inspiration from different facets of nature. For example, the paisley motif, which is a hallmark of traditional Indian jewelry design, is a symbolic representation of the mango fruit. Other popular inspirations from nature include the cobra hood, rice grains, and cucumber seeds. During the late nineteenth century, many of these Maharajas commissioned unique ornaments from the top European designers like Van Clef and Cartier, leading to a new class of Indo-European jewelry subtle in design using colorful gems for a rich look.
Types of jewelry design

Indian jewelry is available in gold, silver, and diamonds and now there is a great demand for artificial and costume jewelry. However, Indians have a penchant for the yellow metal and this makes India the largest consumer of gold and gold ornaments in the world. Indian art and culture bears traces of different rulers and religions, over the centuries, absorbing the best from them while retaining its uniqueness. There are different forms of jewelry design, each representative of a particular region. Let us discuss a few of the designs.
" Fine filigree work is a popular where the design comprises entwined silver or gold threads. This is possible by delicate plaiting of the metal threads, then soldered to the underlying metal groundwork. Filigree designs are complex and require a lot of time and patience in execution. These are typical of Orissa and Andhra Pradesh.
" Temple jewelry worn in dances like Bharat Natyam is another popular jewelry design worn by women in marriages and festivals, originating in Nagercoil. These traditional gold ornaments embedded with red and green semi-precious stones were originally gifts to the temple deities and hence known as temple jewelry. Traditional craftsmen fashion these sets comprising earrings, necklace, headpiece, and jewelry for the waist, ankles, fingers, nose, and hands.
" Minakari design that is enamel work on gold is another popular jewelry design from Jaipur. It uses an interesting combination of pigments and precious stones arranged to glow when light falls on it. Each set has a distinct design and is quite expensive.
" Delhi is world famous for Kundan design that has precious and semi-precious stones set in gold. This style draws inspiration form the Mughal School of art and comprises exquisite neckpieces and chokers.
" Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Himachal Pradesh are renowned for a wide range of ethnic silver jewelry.
" Gold jewelry from Assam has interesting designs depicting the orchids and local birds, the loka paro. Jewelry from Nagaland has distinct tribal influences in the form of human heads and beads in different combinations with gold.
" Antique or oxidized jewelry has a huge market and is fashionable among the younger generation. It comprises silver ornaments in contemporary designs that are chic and affordable and one can buy them in varied styles. You can choose from a range of fusion jewelry available in interesting combinations like beads like rudraksh, glass, gold threads, and paper and flower jewelry.

Importance of jewelry for Indian women
Indian women have a special relationship with jewelry. It signifies their marital status in the form of bangles for Punjabi brides, rings for others or the traditional mangal sutra for Maharashtrians. Jewelry is the most important accessory for a woman in her beautification, especially when participating in marriages and important religious functions and hence forms an integral part of her wardrobe.

About the Author

vikas is author and designer of the guide area of Jewelry-Exporters

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